{"id":65,"date":"2020-01-20T08:47:08","date_gmt":"2020-01-20T08:47:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/old-north.co.uk\/wordpress\/?page_id=65"},"modified":"2022-04-18T08:13:28","modified_gmt":"2022-04-18T08:13:28","slug":"british-rc","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/old-north.co.uk\/wordpress\/?page_id=65","title":{"rendered":"British *rc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In WCB, a British resonant + stop always becomes resonant + fricative as part of a systematic sound-change (cf. Br.&nbsp;<em>*marcos&nbsp;<\/em>&#8216;horse&#8217; &gt; W.&nbsp;<em>march<\/em>, C.&nbsp;<em>margh<\/em>, B.&nbsp;<em>marc&#8217;h<\/em>)*.&nbsp; It has been suggested that Cumbric diverged from this pattern and that the cluster&nbsp;<em>*rc&nbsp;<\/em>\/rk\/ remained intact.&nbsp; The evidence largely comes from examples of Br&nbsp;<em>*landerc\u0101&nbsp;<\/em>&#8216;clearing&#8217; (W.&nbsp;<em>llannerch<\/em>, C.&nbsp;<em>lannergh&nbsp;<\/em>&#8216;glade&#8217;):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Lanark<\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;<em>Lannarc, Lannerc&nbsp;<\/em>12th century<\/li><li><strong>Barlanark<\/strong>&nbsp;(Glasgow) &#8211; no early forms<\/li><li><strong>Lanercost<\/strong>&nbsp;(Cumbria) &#8211;&nbsp;<em>Lanrecost&nbsp;<\/em>12th century<\/li><li><strong>Carlenrig<\/strong>&nbsp;(near Hawick) &#8211;&nbsp;<em>Carlanerik&nbsp;<\/em>17th century<\/li><li><strong>Drumlanrig<\/strong>&nbsp;(near Hawick) &#8211;&nbsp;<em>Drumlanerk&nbsp;<\/em>17th century<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Also possibly&nbsp;<em>Lanrekaythin<\/em>, a lostCumbria place name, which Jackson describes as &#8216;uncertain&#8217;.&nbsp; These all seem to suggest Br. *<em>rc&nbsp;<\/em>&gt; Cu.&nbsp;<em>*rc<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In opposition to this evidence may be cited&nbsp;<em>Lanerch&nbsp;<\/em>&#8216;Lanark&#8217; (15th century) and&nbsp;<em>Lanrechathin&nbsp;<\/em>&#8216;Lanrekaythin&#8217;.&nbsp; There are several place names containing the equivalent of the personal name W.&nbsp;<em>Meirchion&nbsp;<\/em>&lt; Br.&nbsp;<em>Marcj\u0101nos<\/em>:&nbsp; Maughanby (<em>Merghanby,&nbsp;<\/em>13th century),Merchiston (<em>Merchinstoun,&nbsp;<\/em>13th century)and Powmaughan (<em>Polmergham<\/em>,15th century).&nbsp; There can be little doubt that these originally had \/rx\/ since the first is now pronounced &#8216;maffenby&#8217; (\/f\/ being a regular English reflex of OE \/x\/, cf.&nbsp;<em>laugh&nbsp;<\/em>&lt;&nbsp;<em>hl\u00e6hhan<\/em>), whilst the second retains \/rx\/ to this day.&nbsp; To this we might add&nbsp;<em>mercheta<\/em>, from&nbsp;<em>Leges inter Brettos et Scottos<\/em>, if it is related to W.&nbsp;<em>merch&nbsp;<\/em>&#8216;daughter&#8217; (which is not certain) and&nbsp;<em>Rederech&nbsp;<\/em>(W.&nbsp;<em>Rhydderch<\/em>) from Jocelin&#8217;s&nbsp;<em>Life of St Kentigern<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From this evidence, the safest conclusion seems to be that Cumbric regularly had<em>&nbsp;*rch<\/em>&nbsp;from Br.<em>&nbsp;*rc<\/em>: all the evidence for Cu.<em>&nbsp;**rc<\/em>&nbsp;is from a single word and some of the examples are late.&nbsp; Jackson (1953) suggests that &#8220;the development [of Br.<em>&nbsp;*rc &gt; rch<\/em>]<em>&nbsp;may&nbsp;<\/em>have been somewhat later in Cumbric&#8221; than elsewhere, where he says it occurred in the mid- to late-6th century.&nbsp; It is noteable that Maughanby and Merchiston both contain later, non-Cumbric elements and have \/rx\/, whilst the potentially early loans (especially Lanercost) have \/rk\/ &#8211; but to pin a date on any of these names would be hopelessly&nbsp;<em>ad hoc<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>* except for&nbsp;<em>-lt-&nbsp;<\/em>which is treated differently in each language, never becoming&nbsp;<em>*lth<\/em>&nbsp;in any case.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In WCB, a British resonant + stop always becomes resonant + fricative as part of a systematic sound-change (cf. Br.&nbsp;*marcos&nbsp;&#8216;horse&#8217;&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":25,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/old-north.co.uk\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/65"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/old-north.co.uk\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/old-north.co.uk\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/old-north.co.uk\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/old-north.co.uk\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=65"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/old-north.co.uk\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/65\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67,"href":"http:\/\/old-north.co.uk\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/65\/revisions\/67"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/old-north.co.uk\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/old-north.co.uk\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=65"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}